There are three main supplier categories to take into consideration when importing from China – Manufacturers, Trading Companies and Manufacturing & Trading Companies. While the type of company will not be the most important factor when selecting your suppliers, different types of suppliers will require a different approach during the sourcing process and have a major impact on the future of your import business.
Therefore it’s important to know what type of supplier you should look for when sourcing in China. Let’s begin with an introduction to the three major supplier types in China.
Supplier type #1: Manufacturers
Most importers assume that it’s always preferable to “go straight to the source” and purchase directly from manufacturers while cutting out middlemen. I tend to agree with this statement and usually it certainly makes sense to buy directly from the manufacturer when importing from China. However, doing this is not always an option for small businesses and stores looking for a wide selection of products in fairly small quantities.
Advantages
1.) Gives the importer more options when ordering custom made or branded products (OEM / ODM)
2.) The importer works directly with the original manufacturer and is more aware of the pricing structure, the different capabilities and limitations of the manufacturer – thus making current and future product development more efficient
3.) The elimination of intermediaries can result in lower prices
4.) In case of a dispute you will be negotiation and demanding compensation directly from the manufacturer instead of relying on an intermediary to handle the negotiations. You can never be sure that the intermediary consider you to be more important than the manufacturer.
5.) Manufacturing companies are often larger than trading companies and may have more resources to compensate or remake a failed order
Disadvantages
1.) May result in a higher Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) requirement since the manufacturer has to produce a certain amount of units in order to be profitable and to purchase a certain quantity of material and components from the material and component suppliers – who also have MOQ requirements
2.) Many manufacturers do not have an export license that is required to export products from China.
3.) Some manufacturers are lacking product knowledge possessed by agents and trading companies
4.) A large manufacturing enterprise may consider a small buyer as irrelevant which will put the buyer in a weaker negotiating position
5.) Manufacturers specialize in their industry and can only offer a limited product selection
When you should consider to buy from a Chinese manufacturer
- If you are highly specialized in a certain field of products
- If future product development is a high priority
- If custom made and/or branded products are a high priority
- If product certification is a high priority
- If your product very price sensitive
Supplier type #2: Trading Companies
Trading companies have a very long history in China and traditionally act as a broker between foreign buyers and Chinese manufacturers. The status of the Trading Company has been a decline in the last few years. The main reason is probably that more and more manufacturers in China are experienced enough to deal directly with buyers around the world. This has left a smaller piece of the cake for traders. However, there are situations when buying from a Chinese trading company actually makes sense.
Advantages
1.) Offers a lower Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) Requirements compared to manufacturers since one batch of products can be divided among several buyers
2.) May offer a wider product selection through an established network of manufacturers
Disadvantages
1.) Often more expensive (5 – 10%) than the original manufacturer
2.) Disputes and complaints will go through the Trading Company and your refund or remake is at their mercy. In some cases they will prioritize the relationship with the manufacturer over the buyer
3.) Communication regarding quality requirements and product specifications will be filtered through an intermediary and thereby increasing the risk of misunderstandings and quality issues
You might not be able to verify the original manufacturers’ capabilities. This is something that might cause future product developments to take a very long time.
When you should consider to buy from a Trading Company
- If you need a wide product selection
- If you are purchasing smaller quantities per product
- If your product is not very price sensitive
- If product certification is not a high priority
- If custom made or branded products are not a high priority
Supplier type #3: Manufacturing and Trading Company
Many, if not most, export oriented manufacturers in China are not limited to the products they produce themselves but expands their product selection by outsourcing production to other manufacturers. The main problem here is to find out which company is manufacturing the products you intend to import from China. If the supplier is not manufacturing the products, but subcontracting them to another manufacturer, then you are exposed to the same Disadvantages and risks as if you would be dealing with a Trading Company.
Advantages
1.) Even if the supplier is not manufacturing the products themselves, the fact that they are manufacturing products in the same or similar category indicates that the supplier have a decent product and product certification knowledge. If they also have a sophisticated Quality Management System in place, it\s possible that they will apply this to their subcontractors to some extent.
Disadvantages
The supplier can be an industry leading manufacturer for Product A and at the same time being below average for Product B (which they subcontract). It all boils down to product knowledge and quality management, which is best overseen “in house”.
When you should buy from a Manufacturing and Trading Company
- If you cannot find any qualified manufacturer
- If the manufacturer gives you access to information regarding the subcontractor
- If the manufacturer applies a Quality Management System to not only itself, but also its subcontractors
Great post…helpful for the new company outside China.
Hey im from Denmark
Im looking for A4 paper to low price
Hi There,
I need assistance obtaining an import license for goods coming from France to Beijing.
We have all documentation ready but are uncertain how to obtain an import license.
Do you know anyone who can help support this asap??
Thank you
Amanda
Hi Amanda,
Normally, you don’t need an import license. What kind of products do you intend to import?
Hi Fredrik,
I would like to congratulate you on the fantastic blog you have created, its extremely resourceful.
I am looking to start importing a very specific product,i.e. Stainless Steel Vacuum Flask. from China to India and an willing to ship it in a 40HQ.
I have contacted various sellers on Alibaba,Global sources, but the prices they have quoted me is very high compared to what my target price is
I would like to know how do I go about searching and sourcing from a large manufacturer who would be able to give me the prices I am looking for?
I will be going to China in the coming months to visit the factories and crack a deal, but how do I know who to approach?
Hello Joel,
If several suppliers cannot reach your target price, it may have not been realistic to begin with. If so, you have two options:
1. Increase the quantity
2. Lower your quality requirements
Be careful, as scammers are often those offering, at least what at first seems to be, the lowest prices
Hi Fredrik
Manufacturers and their advantages:
Point 2 – What can be done if manufacturer does not have export license? Must I ask before making order?
Point 5 – I have read otherwise which, depending how you look at it, turns this point in advantage:
It was recommended on (PassageMaker China I think) to look for manufacturers that specialize in certain niche because price-wise they have better rates with their materials and components suppliers, will probably have custom tooling in their premises paid by previous importers and with their specialized experience will be able to make more precise product to your specifications. They may also have more quality certifications in place for product range they specialize in, possibly responding to regulations of country of import.
Trading companies and their advantages:
Point 1 – I heard that trading companies have high MOQ on purpose to attract manufacturers’ business. If so, does that mean trading companies I see on sourcing sites despite stating high MOQ will offer lower amount after communicating with importers?
Thanks
Hello Boris,
1. Yes, you should ask them if they have an exporting license. If they don’t have such a license, and are listed on directories like Alibaba.com, they most likely use an exporting agent. This means that the supplier basically sell the product to a company with an exporting license, which in turn sell them to you. Thus, you pay the exporting agent, and not the supplier. This set up also requires that you audit both companies involved, or you may be exposed to payment fraud.
2. Yes, buying from a supplier that is specialized is of course critical. As a matter of fact, all manufacturers are specialized to a certain degree.
3. If a Trading Company is advertising a high MOQ, it’s basically a reflection of what the manufacturers’ MOQ. In some cases, this MOQ is negotiable.
Lately, I have been asking Chinese manufacturers and traders for chemicals for customers but I don’t hear back from them in response to my emails. Frustrated, I tried sending my emails translated in simple Chinese, still no response. What am I doing wrong, please advise.
My intention is to let the buyer and seller do the financial transaction themselves and I will collect my commission from the seller. It works elsewhere, will it work in China also?
Dear sir
This is Mosleh uddin from northern power solution ltd.57/3 panthapath dhaka 1205 Bangladesh.we are working in power sector since 10 years.we are generate power & supply to the government.Now we are thinking assembling & marketing LED bulb for Bangladesh market. we want import various categorizes led bulb accessories (like;5w 7w 9w 12w bulb.tube light & squire panel light accessories) from china .My 1st requirement 100000(one lac) pies. If you are interest to business with us please give me your catalog, product list.
Best Regards
Dr.Uddin
Hello Dr. Uddin,
I’ll send you an email with more information right away!